During the last  years a lot of work has focussed on the agricultural transition and the origins of the Neolithic in southern Scandinavia at a broad, inter-regional, rather than regional scale. Consequently, there is broad agreement today that the dispersal of farming into Europe involved both the resident hunting and gathering communities and exogenous farming groups. We also know that for the more widespread adoption of farming, the role of contact between foragers and farmers was very important. But what motivated the transition to farming at a local and regional level? And what processes enabled the transition, and the coeval development of a new cultural tradition to occur? It is my belief that causes and motivations operating at the regional level may well have been dierent from more general and diuse conditions operating at broader geographical scales.

In this article I will chiefly concentrate on the development of the earliest TRB, the Oxie group, and try to comprehend at a regional scale the transition from hunting-gathering to farming in south Scandinavia. An important feature is the application of the theory of structuration and agency as a way ofe elucidating the course of this transition.