Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the predominant causative organism of urinary tract infections (UTI) with a high recurrence rate.¹ Recurrence of UTI may involve intracellular localization of bacterial colonies within the bladder mucosa, a process that could benefit the bacteria in terms of protection against antibiotics and host immune cells.^{2, 3} Once internalized, UPEC may multiply and form intracellular bacterial communities with biofilm-like properties⁴ and/or enter a non-replicating stable and quiescent state that may serve as a source for recurrent UTI.^{2, 5, 6} A wide range of antimicrobial agents is used for the treatment of UTI but many antibiotics are unable to penetrate biofilm matrix or inhibit bacteria in a metabolically quiescent state. A recent study demonstrated that of seven different functional classes of antibiotics only a few, including nitrofurantoin and some fluoroquinolones, were able to eliminate internalized UPEC within bladder epithelial cells. Nitric oxide (NO) is a small hydrophobic molecule with antibacterial properties that readily diffuses through lipid bilayer membranes. During infection various host cells produce NO enzymatically from inducible nitric oxide synthase and NO has a key role in the innate immune response. It has been shown previously that NO has antibacterial activity against UPEC isolates, including multidrug-resistant extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing isolates. Although NO can interact directly with bacteria, it can also be oxidized to reactive nitrogen species.