The aim is to add to the knowledge of how fairness as a value can be communicated between teachers and children in preschool. The questions are: What do the teachers' actions and words convey to the children about the meaning of the value fairness? How is fairness imagined in relation to the collective versus in relation to the individual? What seems to be fair or unfair from the children's point of view? This study is based on research on moral values in Norwegian and Swedish preschools conducted by Johansson (2002, 2007a, 2007b, 2009, 2011) and Emilson (2007, 2008, 2009). The theoretical framework is taken from Habermas. Data has been gathered at a preschool and consists of video observations of interactions between teachers and children, as well as of the teachers' own narratives. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Swedish Research Council. The participants are informed about the study in accordance with these guidelines. They have signed a voluntary agreement to participate. The parents have also approved the video-recording of their children. No child has been filmed if they showed that they don't want to participate. The result shows that the teachers' ideas and actions concerning fairness are not always perceived by children in accordance with the adults' intentions. In order to broaden their understanding of how the value fairness may be expressed in the pedagogical practice, teachers need to become aware of both their own view of fairness and the children's view of fairness.