This thesis has analysed incident and maintenance reports concerning the FirstMarine Regiment’s combat boat maintenance system. The aim was to find thosepossible deficiencies and shortcomings causing reduced accessibility. In addition, thethesis includes an analysis of maintenance-related statistics reported in 2008. Byusing these reports and statistical data as our factual base, we have examined thoseparts of the maintenance system and its components most frequently affected bydeficiencies and shortcomings. The thesis presents the most likely reasons for thesenegative occurrences, but also recommendations regarding measures that willincrease the overall accessibility.During our research, however, it also became evident that the main and most likelyreason for the reduced accessibility was the inherent capacity of the maintenancesystem (DIUS) used by the Royal Swedish Navy. In conclusion, this system is notsufficiently adapted to the great number of naval units and personnel who are usingit. Further, the naval personnel operating the system sometimes lack adequatetraining.

ABSTRAKT

Detta arbete om kolkraft med CCS syftar till att ge läsaren en lite djupare bild av hur avskiljning, transportering och lagring kan fungera vid ett koleldat kraftverk utrustat med koldioxidavskiljning.

Vilka olika tekniska metoder som finns eller är under utveckling för de olika stegen i processen och hur dessa fungerar.

Arbetet tar även upp historien bakom kolet som bränsle och hur utvecklingen av olika reningstekniker tog fart.

Generella fördelar och nackdelar med CCS bollas fram o tillbaka miljömässiga aspekter med tekniken samt den ekonomiska lönsamheten undersöks.

Arbetet avslutas med en överblick över en verklig pilotanläggning i Schwarzepumpe i Tyskland.

Denna studie handlade om att undersöka vilka energireducerande metoder som åtta svenska rederier inom linjetrafiken har valt att tillämpa ombord på sina fartyg. Detta för att kunna ge en bild om vilka eventuellt nya system och metoder framtida sjömän står inför. Metoden som användes var genom ett utskickat frågeformulär där berörda rederier kunde svara på frågor angående deras energibesparingar. Även rederiernas hemsidor undersöktes för att kunna få en djupare insikt om vilka energibesparande metoder rederierna använde sig av. Sedan söktes vidare information om dessa energibesparande metoder för att kunna ge en beskriva dem. Slutsatsen som drogs av studien visade att nästan alla undersökta rederier tillämpar någon form av energibesparande åtgärder, men endast fyra av de tillfrågade åtta nämnde att de hade visioner som de strävade efter att uppnå. Studien hade en låg svarsfrekvens vilket kan indikera på att rederierna antingen inte vill dela med sig av sin energipolicy, eller så är denna policy helt avsaknad.

We have chosen to investigate if the oil companies requirements are higher than the Port States. During our time at sea as cadets we have been in contact with inspections several times. The crew members are often talking about these inspections and experience them as to critical.

The results of our study has shown that the inspections are increasing the safety and awareness of risks that may exist. We will also describe wether there is a possibility to merge the inspections to reduce fatigue among the crew.

To get an insight in the activities of the organisations we have decided to found our study based on interviews with oil companies, officers onboard and inspectors from Transportstyrelsen.

During the process to complete the result we transcribed the interview material and divided it into categories, this will make it easier for the reader to follow our study.

Syftet med det här arbetet var att ta reda på vem rederierna anställer, samt identifiera vilka faktorer som påverkar rekryterarna när de ska anställa en ny styrman.  För att ta reda på det har jag intervjuat två rederier som anställer svenska styrmän. Jag valde att göra en kvalitativ undersökning för att kunna ställa lite mer ingående frågor samt att ha möjlighet att ställa följdfrågor. Resultatet blev att det är till stor del de personliga egenskaperna samt den sociala kompetensen som är av störst betydelse så länge de formella kraven uppfylls. Erfarenhet inom sjöfarten eller utav yrken som man kan ha nytta av i sjöfarten är också meriterande samt att man har bra referenser.

This is a study about the Navigating Mariners ability to locate and use information from the Radar and ARPA, before taking important decisions in Trafic Situations. The purpose was to acquire an understanding if there are some difficulties in receiving this important information. This purpose was accomplished by a pre-investigation using two interviews with experienced deck officers. This pre-study produced criterias, that made it possible to compare 13 Accident Reports. These reports were used as a litterature for the investigation. The Department of Transport, Marine Investigation Branch(MAIB), The Swedish Accident Investigation Board(SHK) and The Swedish Maritime Safety Inspectorate(SjöfR) had produced these reports. In addition to these reports, the author used both maritime- and aeronautical based articles in order to find more facts about the issues around the investigation. The findings showed that in half of the investigated accidents the mariners involved had used a low level of functionality before making the final decisions. It was also shown, that the ones that had used a very high level of functionality, before the accident, misinterpreted the information and failed to take the right decision in ample time before the accident.

This examination paper is a project where the employer has the assignment to construct fifteen fire and safety exercises.

The project is intend to be used onboard MS Peter Pan, this ship is one of six ship that the TT-Line concern continuously shipping passenger- and rorotraffic between Trelleborg in Sweden and Travemünde in Germany.

The project is going to be a part of the safety developing work that continuously is going on onboard MS Peter Pan. The layout of the exercises is constructed so that they only concern the two fire groups and the ship management onboard. The areas onboard that are concerned by exercises have the intension to be areas where the passengers and the crew spend the most of the 24 hours of the days.

The expectation with this examination paper is that it should be a part of the safety developing works onboard, this because it is a very important part of the TT-Lines policy. This policy describes that competence and education of the crew onboard as one of the most important part of the safety work that there is with good and safe shipping on the Baltic Sea.

.(safety, TT-Line, www.tt-line.se, 2010-03-22).

As a student at Kalmar Maritime Academy it can be difficult to predict the expectations regarding employment within the shipping sector. Depending on the respondent the answer may vary on how attractive you are to the industry after graduation. This paper concerns just this, how the shipping companies feel about new officer recruitments in the future, with focus on those graduated from Kalmar Maritime Academy. The report is based on inquiries given to 17 Nordic shipping companies and 36 students from KMA as well as five telephone interviews with Swedish shipping companies. The inquiries were made when we arranged Career Event, an annual recruitment fair on the school. The report illustrates how the project has been conducted, both regarding the arranging of Career Event and the research done in connection with this report. Our results show that it often comes down to personality more than actual competence when companies hire students from KMA as opposed to from another school. Regarding he needs for new recruitment the majority of the companies state that they have a positive outlook on new recruitment during the coming years, and not a single one of the respondents state that they think that their need for new recruits will lessen over a 10 year period. In contradiction to this, several of the students answered that they believe in a decrease in new recruitment, this shows a less positive outlook among the students compared to that of the shipping companies.

It is estimated that as much as 13 per cent of the world's undiscovered conventional oil resources are located in The Arctic (the region located north of the Arctic Circle) [1]. As a result, future prospecting and drilling operations in this area will be of uttermost importance for guaranteeing a continuous supply of crude oil. To meet the demand of nautical officers with icebreaking competence, the Transatlantic Ice Academy (TIA) was established in 2008. The Ice Academy is a co-operation between Kalmar Maritime Academy, AB Transatlantic, the simulator manufacturer Kongsberg A/S and the Swedish Maritime Administration, and aims to educate and prepare nautical officers for the extreme conditions ice exerts on a crew. This paper describes two of the courses that TIA offers, the way that TIA has set up effective simulator exercises and how they will prepare the officer for upcoming challenges.

At Kalmar Maritime Academy (KMA) the first-year students at the Master Mariner program complete a course in the use of ARPA. The course includes eight simulator exercises, where seven of them are completed in pairs and the last exercise is an individual assessment. Previously, instructors have encouraged students to choose a new partner for each of the first seven exercises; however, the reason for this strategy has not been well documented.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of fixed versus rotating bridge teams on the individual learning outcome. During an eight-week course in spring 2012, two groups of students were asked to work either with the same or a new partner for each exercise during a course. The result showed no difference between the two groups with regard to the individual assessment, and the students who failed did so because of inadequate interpretation of the ARPA information, and not because of insufficient radar knowledge.

I den här rapporten presenteras hur en sammankoppling görs mellan ett elektronisktskydd till en effektbrytare och en dator. Det görs med en presentation av komponenternaföljt av en beskrivning över hur strömförsörjning och sammankoppling kan göras.Rapporten innefattar även en beskrivning av hur ett kommunikationstest mellan dehopkopplade komponenterna kan utföras.

Med anledning av dagens höga bunkerpriser är det relevant att undersöka vad man kan göra för att minska bunkerförbrukningen ombord. En viktig del vad gäller bunkerbesparingar är att hålla skrovets kondition i gott skick. Här har ett klokt val av antifoulingfärg en stor betydelse, med en bra antifoulingfärg minskar beväxningen av organismer på skrovet. Detta i sin tur leder till ett minskat motstånd, vilket gynnar fartygsekonomin.

På marknaden finns flertalet antifoulingfärger tillgängliga, men vilken effekt på ytråheten har respektive färg, och hur påverkar ytråhet i form av beväxning fartyget ekonomiskt? Utöver de rent ekonomiska aspekterna ville jag ta reda på om det finns något miljövänligare alternativ, samt hur det står sig gentemot de biocidbaserade antifoulingfärgerna.

För att svara på detta har en mängd data studerats från bland annat produktdatablad, fartygskonstruktionsböcker, tidsjournaler och hemsidor. Jag konstaterade att det finns mycket pengar att spara på rätt val av antifouling. Något som förvånade mig var att färgtillverkarens miljövänligaste alternativ också var den effektivaste antifoulingen.

This study will state the problems that a ships’ officers might feel when a bridge alarm signals. The purpose is to describe the problems and seize the officers own experiences and also look at things to do to minimize the problems. We chose to do a qualitative study with questionnaire surveys and interviews. With this method we can seize the officers’ experiences and feelings. The final result shows that inexperienced Officers can have problems to locate the alarm which is signaling on the bridge. Which may cause lost supervision of the navigation. The more experienced Officers have few problems in locating the alarms. But the risk is higher of missing critical alarms due to routine acknowledge of the alarms. Some alarms have too similar signal between each other, it can be difficult for the operator by only from the signal from the alarm to determent the critical level and it’s priority. The results also state that there is a majority of the officers who would like a common alarm panel on the bridge. Also the interviews showed a good thought about a standard- siring of the bridge equipment. Where you always have the same structure on the bridge equipment.

The duties onboard any ship include moments of hard physical labour, work in darkness, aloftand within enclosed spaces which means that a seafarer must be fit for duty. The nationalrequirements for medical fitness of seafarers differ between countries, although they are allbased on the same international standard. The aim of this report is to compare the differencesbetween the regulations concerning medical certificates for seafarers in the Scandinaviancountries and to investigate the history of the Swedish regulations.We conclude that Sweden would benefit from the reintroduction of the old system ofSeaman’s Doctors, who presumably are more competent than a doctor not specialized injudging the fitness of a seafarer. This system is still in operation and working well in bothDenmark and Norway.Finally this report consists of the authors’ own reflexions regarding the medical examinationsand certificates for seafarers. We also include a few suggestions for further research.

The purpose of this thesis is to make a thorough but compact description of the international laws concerning solid garbage generated by vessels and sludge treatment. It is also to construct a pamphlet that can be used as a guide by ports when constructing their own information sheets to the vessels. The questions given to us from Baltic Master II were: what does the international legislation state about waste handling from vessels and in the port facilities, both sludge and solid garbage? Describe routines for receiving sludge, with concern taken to the rules that apply today. Describe routines for receiving sorted garbage and recycling, with concern taken to the rules that apply today. Look at the present symbols and labelling and develop a standard for vessels and port facilities. To solve these questions we choose an investigative method based on a literature study. The research of earlier studies showed that the parties involved consider the waste- and sludgetreatment to be flawed. In some cases the problems are fictitious or exaggerated. The main problem originates from the fact that there are no uniform routines for the interaction between vessel and port. Although there is more then one way to deal with this problem, we have concluded that the best way to improve the present day situation is to implement uniform routines. To make the routines effective they should be developed and agreed upon by the parties involved taking into consideration present day international legislation. In this thesis we present a suggestion on such a routine.

Vi har utrett de krav som ställs på bryggstolar; internationellt, nationellt och från ettanvändarperspektiv. Vi vill att den här utredningen ska ligga till grund för framtida utveckling aven bryggstol. Detta tror vi, i slutänden, kan leda till en bättre arbetsmiljö för navigatörer då despenderar en stor del av sin arbetstid i bryggstolar.För att komma fram till vårt resultat gjorde vi en grundlig utredning i de nationella ochinternationella regelverken. Vi använde oss även av en intervjustudie för att spegla användarensönskemål och krav. Här intervjuade vi navigatörer från tre olika typer av fartyg. Fartygstypernavi valde liknande varandra i tid navigatören spendera i bryggstolen men skiljer sig åt i självapraktiska användandet. Utredningen har visat att de krav som ställs internationellt och nationelltskiljer sig en hel del. På nationell nivå finns inga direkta krav ställda emot fartygs bryggstolaroch dess ergonomi. Reglerna är hämtade från landbaserade arbetsplatser och mer generelltställda ur ergonomisk synpunkt. De internationella däremot visade sig vara mer direkt ställda ochinriktade på layout och utformning, mer tekniska. Ur en användarens perspektiv efterfrågadesmer och enklare personliga inställningar, även vissa ergonomiska förbättringar.

Värmepumpar har länge funnits på marknaden men de har på senare tid fått en ökad uppmärksamhet av media på grund av den bristande drifttillförlitligheten.

Detta projekt syftar till att definiera svagheter i ett värmepumpsystem på en övergripande systemnivå med hjälp av en feleffektsanalys (FMEA).

Projektet har delats upp i två delar, dels en informationssamlande del om systemuppbyggnaden, komponenterna och analysmetoden samt en intervjuande del där Per Olsson, tekniskt ansvarig på Euronom, fick hjälpa oss med bedömningen av felen.

FMEA-metoden lämpar sig väl för värmepumpar då den är speciellt lämpligt för seriella system och processer där det inte finns några redundanser.

Resultatet kan sammanfattas i ett par tydliga resultat. Alla fel som uppstår i systemet påverkar COP-talet negativt. Fel som har en hög allvarlighetsgrad behöver inte vara de som har högst riskpotential. Detta eftersom de kan vara lätta att upptäcka och sannolikheten att de inträffar kan vara låg. Det går inte heller att utse en komponent som är viktigast ur ett driftsäkerhetsperspektiv då alla komponenter samverkar och är beroende utav varandra.

Den pågående utflaggningen av den svenska handelsflottan har orsakat problem för svenska sjöbefälsstudenter att erhålla tillräckligt med fartygsförlagd utbildning på grund av ett minskat antal svenskflaggade fartyg.

Genom en inledande kvalitativ intervjustudie undersökte vi intresse och eventuell problematik kring möjligheten att förlägga fartygspraktik på utlandsregistrerade fartyg i svensk regi.

Vi fann att rederierna var intresserade av svenska befälselever på fartyg med viss svensk besättning, eftersom eleverna då sågs som en rekryteringstillgång. Flaggstatens bestämmelser kunde, beroende på land, vara ett hinder för svensk elevverksamhet. Elevkostnaden i sig var inget större hinder för rederierna att tillhandahålla praktik. Ett uteblivet sjöfartsstöd gjorde dock att kostnaden, i grund och botten, ändå var den enskilt största anledningen till problematiken kring befälspraktik på utlandsregistrerat tonnage.

This thesis is a comparison of the STCW-95 and Swedish Higher Education Ordinance, furthermore it contains an interview study of active officers that strives to investigate whether there is a declining trend in skill levels of newly graduated ship officers. In addition, this thesis tries to develop an understanding for what skills an officer should have to cope with their line of work.

På uppdrag från sjöfartsverket har som examensarbete gjorts en kartläggning, bedömning och rekommendation avseende fasta sjömärken längs Västkusten och Vänern.

Bakgrunden är att Sjöfartsverket har inlett en utredning gällande dessa sjömärkens nautiska behov med tyngdpunkt för handelssjöfarten . Detta som en effekt av den tekniska och kommersiella utvecklingen som inneburit att farleder dragits om, nya tillkommit och äldre dragits in. En översyn av befintliga sjömärken är påkallat, då dess funktion och behov kan ifrågasättas.

Vårt examensarbete handlar om att utifrån ovan perspektiv belysa detta förändrade behov, som identifierats av Sjöfartsverket.

Vår uppgift i detta projekt har varit att ta fram underlag för hur en sådan bedömning kan ske samt för en begränsad kust sträcka genomföra bedömning utifrån de av oss framtagna bedömningsgrunderna.

Detta har skett utifrån både ett handels- och fritidssjöfartsperspektiv.

Med anledning av den debatt som förts i media om svaveldirektivets införande blev vi intresserade av attsammanställa olika instanser syn på direktivet samt hur deras intentioner förhåller sig till varandra. Med detta som utgångspunkt utvidgade vi arbetet till att studera flera typer av styrmedel. I resultatet har vi presenterat en sammanställning av intervjuer vi utfört med svenska politiker, hamnar och befraktare. Vi kom fram till att svaveldirektivet behövs för att åstadkomma en reducering av sjöfartens utsläpp av miljögifter men att direktivet inte kommer kunna uppfyllas av alla fartyg på grund av brist på lågsvavelhaltigt bränsle, stora hinder för LNG drift och tekniska problem med skrubbers. Skatt på marina bränslen och utsläppsrätter för sjöfarten som styrmedel bedömdes inte vara aktuellt inom en överskådlig framtid. Vi upptäckte även i vårt arbete att det bedrivs ett betydande arbete för minskad miljöpåverkan av bland annat Göteborgs Hamn, Clean Shipping Index och arbetet med Gröna Korridorer.

Detta arbete handlar om hur blivande sjöbefäls inställning till att arbeta under norskt avtal, IT-avtal och utländskt nettolöneavtal påverkades av hur resultatet av sjukersättning pensionsförmåner och föräldrapenning blir vid respektive avtal.

Bakgrundsinformation samlades in från om de olika avtalen och därefter genomfördes intervjuer med blivande sjöbefäl som delgavs informationen och sedan fick svara på hur deras inställning påverkades.

Utmärkande resultat är att den bästa ekonomiska förmånen påverkar inställningen mest positivt. Sjukersättning och pension påverkade inställningen mest eftersom det kan bli aktuellt när som helst (sjukersättning) och rör sig om stora belopp långt fram i tiden (pension). Föräldraförsäkringen påverkade inställningen mindre eftersom det är lättare att planera för och gäller en begränsad tid. Att vissa anser det vara en fördel att få bestämma själv över om och hur pensionsförsäkringen är uppbyggd medan vissa anser det vara en trygghet att staten sköter detta.

Even though the ice has formed on the Gulf of Bothnia the trade with the northern ports of Sweden and Finland does not cease. Many of the ships calling these ports have their primary survival craft in form the of a freefall lifeboat, a survival craft that experts have condemned as useless in ice. Even the ship's secondary survival system consisting of inflatable rafts has been criticized. The purpose of this study was to examine what kind of plan Swedish shipping companies, who operate vessels that carry this type of lifeboat, have to deal with a possible emergency situation in the ice.

The study was based on qualitative interviews with representatives from three Swedish shipping companies operating in winter conditions. The study revealed great differences between the various companies in routine procedures when operating in ice. None of the interviewed companies had a special plan for the abandonment of ships in ice conditions, although they have a safety organization approved by the Swedish Transport Agency.

Under vår praktiktid ute till sjöss var det inte ovanligt att vi råkade på ritningar som inte helt stämde överens med verkligheten. Efter att ha diskuterat med ombordanställda märkte man tydligt att detta verkade vara vanligt förekommande.Detta arbete syftar till att ta reda på vilka faktorer som de ombordanställda anser vara de störst bidragande orsakerna till problematiken med att systemritningar ombord inte alltid stämmer överens med verkligheten ute i maskinrummet.Vi har valt att dela upp vår undersökning i två avdelningar. Dels en informationssamlande studie på administrativ nivå, det vill säga regelverk och policys hos rederier, klassningssällskap samt myndigheter. Vår primära studie är utförd i intervjuform, och ligger på handhavandenivå, det vill säga de ombordanställda som har hand om ritningarna ombord och deras erfarenheter samt åsikter i ämnet. Efter det att resultatet av intervjuerna analyserats har det sammanfattats i en enkät, som besvarades av våra respondenter.Våra resultat av undersökningen kan sammanfattas två tydliga faktorer. Brist på tydligt utformade rutiner samt brist på tid.

This thesis was a research to find out how the situational leadership theory could enrich the leading role, the crew and the working environment on board a vessel. A leadership which puts great demands on the leader when it comes to being flexible, knowledgeable and skilled at being able to read other people. Herseys model clarifies the leaderships complexity and provides a structure to work with. The model also give an opportunity to create a dynamic way of working that develops his co-workers to become responsible and independent individuals. 

I chosed a qualitative research method where I have interviewed 6 officers in different positions and from various ships. The answers to the questions were analyzed together with the litterature review I have done. The method chosen for the qualitative interview provides information that makes it possible to gain insight and understanding of the officers leadership in their daily work.

In spite of the fact that situational leadership theory is complex, the results showed that many of the basic ideas from the theory about how a successful leadership should be carried out was in the interviewed officers’minds. Some of them used it also in practice with success. A result of this study shows the situational leaderships progression in which many different factors shaping and developing the leader and the employees. This progression is one of the merits when working on the basis of the situational leadership. After this study, I think that an enthusiastic leader who has knowledge about how the tools in Herseys leadership model should be used will create a positive work environment and a satisfied shipowner.

After receiving a Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering and collecting all the certificates necessary, the student stands ready to work as an engine officer onboard ships. Questions arise for the individual when he/she stands there, ready to initiate a new phase in his life. Questions such as: where would I want to work?, when do I get a job? and how do I get a job?

The purpose of this study is to try and show you how graduated students from Kalmar Maritime Academy from previous years have fared in entering the work market.

The method used in this study was in the form of a questionnaire sent to former students who graduated from Kalmar Maritime Academy during the years of 2009,2010 and 2011. They were given the option to answer an online questionnaire or to answer a postal questionnaire which was sent to their registered addresses.

The study involved a total of 36 people, where 20 of them chose to participate. Results from the study show that of the 20 people who chose to participate, all of them were able to find work at sea. 14 individuals were employed in Swedish shipping companies and 6 were employed by foreign shipping companies. The majority of those participating had applied for their work and received a job offer. Some people had managed to get a job through a contact from their cadet apprenticeship. The time to get the first job for the participants were, for most of them, short. 13 out of the 20 participants got their first job after just one or two weeks.

The aim for this research has been to find out Swedish nautical officers’ thoughts of and their personal opinions on their competence when navigating in ice infested waters in the Baltic Sea. Through a quantitative research method we have tried to build us an understanding on how the nautical officer appreciates his or her competence in this very special environment, how they think that earlier ice winters have effected their duties at work as well as if there is a need for further training in ice navigation and which elements should be included in such training. We have also wanted to investigate active nautical officers’ opinion on including an ice navigation course, in full scale, at the Master Mariner Program in Sweden.

The results show that nautical officers’ appreciation of their competence varies on the basis of their experience in years but also that attending a course in ice navigation gives officers, with little experience the appreciation of high competence in navigating ice infested waters.

The will and need for a course in ice navigation, according to the results, is relatively high as well as the officers’ opinion on adding a ice navigation course to the curriculum at the Master Mariner Program in Sweden.

The main purpose of this thesis is to explore the safety culture onboard vessels trading in the Baltic Sea. The common denominator for vessels trading in the Baltic Sea is frequent port visits, coastal voyages, voyages in dense trafficked areas and small crews. Earlier research shows that there may be a system fault in the shipping industry. Charles Perrow describes the maritime industry as an error inducing system. He means that the cause for that is the way shipping is carried out. In a safety culture values, attitudes, competence and behavioral patterns are four important factors that define the safety culture. The maritime safety management system, International Safety Management Code (ISM) aims towards a proactive and evolutionally safety culture in the shipping industry. The results show that shipping today lacks a foresight, “failure of foresight”, where the proactive way of work leads to incidents and accidents being anticipated.

This study has an ethnographic perspective, which aims to create a thick and substantial description of the culture that is being studied. Totally a number of eleven vessels participated in the study. The visits onboard reach from a couple of hours up to a few days. Collected data has been analysed through a self-developed model in an ambition to try to explain the safety culture. The model focuses on how information, feedback, responsibility, co-operation, follow-up and development are being handled. The study reveals that there is a need to discuss and change the safety culture in the shipping industry, in large as on the single vessel. As well as a need for further studies of how the safety culture can be improved and a need for education aimed towards system thinking, organizational theory and safety culture.

The aim of this study of Swedish seafarers was to investigate attitudes, perceptions and work experiences in the seafaring occupation. The study was undertaken partly in response to the needs of the shipping industry to recruit and retain qualified Seafarers, and partly because of political ambitions to extend people’s working lives in general. The two main areas of enquiry were seafarers’ motivations to work for the specific shipping company (organizational commitment) and seafarers’ motivations for working in their particular occupation (occupational commitment). The study is based on survey responses from a sample of 1,309 seafarers taken from the Swedish Register of Seafarers.

The study has shown that the seafaring occupation has strong influence on identity construction and that job satisfaction is generally high. Seafarers enjoy and are motivated by their job content. The study also, however, observed a number of challenges for Swedish shipping. It emerged that flagging out – registration of ships abroad – impairs commitment to the particular shipping company and that perceptions of the social composition on board are one underlying cause. Specifically for older seafarers (55+), flagging-out also resulted in a distinct decline in commitment to the occupation in general. The cause in this case is the perceived inadequacy of the social security structure. Occupational commitment otherwise increases with age and seafarers in the oldest category appear to find the seafaring life unproblematic. In this respect, there is a clear difference compared to the youngest seafarers (aged 19-30), a large proportion of whom believe it is likely they will leave the occupation within the next few years.

The first two chapters of the report present the general aims of the study along with those aspects of shipping and the situations of seafarers in 2009-2010 relevant to the aims. The third chapter presents a selection of earlier Swedish maritime research. Work and commitment are discussed, based on theory and international studies, in the fourth chapter, where the study aims are also defined in greater detail. Chapter five presents the approach to data collection and processing. Results are reported and analyzed thereafter in three separate results chapters. In the final chapter, the most important results are brought to the fore and discussed along with associated recommendations and suggestions for future research.

We are two students studying to become technicians, at the Kalmar Maritime Academy,who have chosen to produce a laboratory exercise in the course MKE ventilation.Because of the absence of science equipment, the course contained no practicalexperience, merely a theoretical assignment. Therefor we chose to create a construction,useful for future students by giving them the opportunity to gain practical experience,while attending the course.In order to get information, contact was made with Hammarsteds in Kalmar, whosponsored the project with equipment. Kimo Instruments Sweden AB sponsored us witha measuring instrument, which enabled measurement of the pressure in the construction.When the construction was finished, a lab-instruction was written. The instructionrequires the student to measure the pressure and calculate flows. Thereafter the studentsets a specific flow at different speeds and throttling, and examines which has producedthe best operating economics, to speed control or simply choke down the flow.

When seamen from different countries work together there is always a risk of misunderstanding. This affects safety aboard ships. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is any increased safety risk to ships where the cultural aspect high power distance conflicts with high safety approach. This was done with a systematic literature study with focus on qualitative research methodology. The result shows that national culture strongly influences human error, including safety behaviors. Furthermore, the study shows that masters leadership has a major impact on the deck officer's safety behavior and safety attitudes. Authoritarian, disrespectful and dishonest leadership is not beneficial for deck officers from countries with high power distances, nor for multinational deck officers working together. In addition, the study shows that Crew Resource Management does not always work on deck officers from countries with high power distances.